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Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. Refer to the following caption and surrounding text.

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Best-fit a0 values obtained by fitting Eq. (1) on the full sample, using the resolved RAR tracks derived under different modelling assumptions. The purple data point shows a0|z ∼ 1 obtained using the DC14 halo profile applied uniformly to the full sample (Sect. 3.1). The cyan point shows a0|z ∼ 1 derived from a galaxy-by-galaxy best-fitting ΛCDM model, where each galaxy is assigned the DM profile that maximises its Bayesian evidence (Appendix D). The blue point shows a0|z ∼ 1 recovered from the MOND-based framework (Appendix E). The red star indicates the fiducial a0|z ∼ 0 from McGaugh et al. (2016), while the green star shows the result from Vărăşteanu et al. (2025).

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