Rate of repeating tidal disruption events with a 5–19 years interval

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Table 1.

Summary of 16 ZTF BTS TDEs at z < 0.05.

IAU ID	RA	Dec.	z	t_peak	ref	Time interval	M_V,limit	lgM_★	lgṀ_★	EMD_SNIa	EMD_TDE
(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)	(6)	(7)	(8)	(9)	(10)	(11)	(12)
AT 2018hyz	10:06:50.87	+01:41:34.0	0.04573	58425	1	5.2–13.0	−17.91	9.99 $_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.13}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.13}_{-0.18} $$	< −1.84	0.02–2.77	3.31–5.44
AT 2019azh	08:13:16.95	+22:38:53.9	0.022	58561	2	5.1–13.6	−18.34	10.30 $_{- 0.15}^{+ 0.11}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.11}_{-0.15} $$	< −1.58	0.00–4.34	4.34–6.23
AT 2019qiz	04:46:37.88	−10:13:34.8	0.0151	58767	2	5.9–13.8	−17.77	10.27 $_{- 0.11}^{+ 0.09}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.09}_{-0.11} $$	< −0.93	0.10–2.53	3.08–5.15
AT 2020vdq	10:08:53.45	+42:43:00.3	0.044	59113	2,3	7.0–14.6	−17.05	9.32 $_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.13}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.13}_{-0.18} $$	< −0.77	0.81–2.49	4.26–7.37
AT 2020wey	09:05:25.88	+61:48:09.2	0.02738	59156	2	6.8–14.4	−16.71	9.79 $_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.09}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.09}_{-0.12} $$	< −1.52	0.86–2.05	3.69–6.73
AT 2020vwl	15:30:37.81	+26:58:56.7	0.0325	59167	2	7.2–15.1	−17.46	10.02 $_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.08}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.08}_{-0.10} $$	< −1.5	0.91–2.76	3.63–6.47
AT 2021ehb	03:07:47.81	+40:18:40.8	0.018	59315	2	7.3–15.2	−17.88	10.32 $_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.07}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.07}_{-0.08} $$	< −1.62	0.00–0.50	0.77–1.86
AT 2021nwa	15:53:51.28	+55:35:19.6	0.047	59403	2	7.4–14.5	−17.90	10.23 $_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.10}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.10}_{-0.12} $$	< −1.33	0.01–0.91	1.20–2.74
AT 2022bdw	08:25:10.35	+18:34:57.5	0.03782	59628^*	–	7.9–16.3	−18.83	10.49 $_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.10}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.10}_{-0.14} $$	0.17 $_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.05}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.05}_{-0.06} $$	0.00–3.62	2.15–4.61
AT 2022dbl	12:20:45.07	+49:33:04.6	0.0284	59638	4	8.5–16.3	−17.77	10.23 $_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.06}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.06}_{-0.07} $$	< −3.1	0.10–1.46	1.97–3.88
AT 2022lri	02:20:08.01	−22:43:15.2	0.03275	59682	5	8.2–16.2	−17.72	9.78 $_{- 0.16}^{+ 0.12}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.12}_{-0.16} $$	< −1.99	0.37–1.83	2.62–5.27
AT 2022gri	07:18:20.77	+33:59:41.5	0.028	59820^*	–	8.7–16.9	−18.00	10.48 $_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.08}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.08}_{-0.10} $$	< −2.04	0.01–3.14	3.70–6.06
AT 2018meh	11:40:09.40	+15:19:38.5	0.011	59977	6,7	9.5–17.6	−17.46	10.14 $_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.08}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.08}_{-0.09} $$	−0.26 $_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.06}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.06}_{-0.06} $$	1.19–3.77	4.78–7.54
AT 2023mhs	13:43:15.66	+19:15:00.9	0.0482	60135^*	–	9.6–17.4	−18.33	10.25 $_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.13}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.13}_{-0.19} $$	< −0.27	0.00–0.72	0.66–2.70
AT 2020afhd	03:13:35.68	−02:09:06.2	0.027	60353^*	–	10.0–17.9	−17.80	10.23 $_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.10}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.10}_{-0.13} $$	< −0.74	0.13–2.55	3.13–5.21
AT 2024pvu	23:31:11.92	+22:15:31.9	0.048	60546^*	–	10.3–18.3	−18.89	10.51 $_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.10}$ $Mathematical equation: $ ^{+0.10}_{-0.14} $$	< −0.72	0.00–0.95	0.23–1.33

Notes. (1)-(4): The IAU IDs, coordinates, and redshifts of the ZTF TDEs from the BTS catalogue. The transient AT 2018meh is more commonly referred to as AT 2023clx. (5),(6): The peak time and reference. The references are: 1. Hammerstein et al. 2023; 2. Yao et al. 2023; 3. Somalwar et al. 2025; 4. Lin et al. 2024; 5. Yao et al. 2024; 6. Zhu et al. 2023; 7. Hoogendam et al. 2024. The label indicates t_peak taken from the BTS catalogue for TDEs with no available peak time from the literature. For AT 2020vdq and AT 2022dbl, which have two ZTF flares, we adopted the time of the earlier peak. For AT 2022gri, the t_peak in BTS is inaccurate; we re-estimated it visually from the light curve, with a precision of ∼10 days. (7): The time differences between the CRTS observations and the ZTF TDEs’ peak time, in units of years. (8): The median 5σ limit magnitude (converted to M_V) of the CRTS light curve. (9),(10): The stellar mass and star formation rate of the host galaxy from CIAGLE, in units of M_⊙ and M_⊙ yr⁻¹, respectively. (11),(12): The effective monitoring durations in units of year, assuming SN Ia-like light curves with peak M_V ranging from −18 to −19.4, and assuming TDE-like light curves with peak L_V of 10⁴³erg s⁻¹ with different rise and decline timescales.

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