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Table 2.
PCA diagnostics for the 10 GLEs.
| GLE | PC1 var (%) | PC2 var (%) | Deff | Classification | Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 45 | 88.1 | 11.8 | 1.27 | Multicomponent | Prompt hard forward beam; delayed |
| back-scatter from disturbed heliosphere. | |||||
| 59 | 91.1 | 7.2 | 1.20 | Single-mode | Strong prompt beam; minimal |
| transport/reflection signature. | |||||
| 60 | 81.3 | 18.1 | 1.44 | Single-mode | Coupled spectral–angular evolution; |
| moderate transport modulation. | |||||
| 65 | 66.7 | 30.7 | 1.85 | Multicomponent | Significant secondary/transport |
| component; multistage evolution. | |||||
| 66 | 71.4 | 26.0 | 1.73 | Multicomponent | Primary beam present; notable |
| transport/reflection effects. | |||||
| 67 | 69.2 | 27.9 | 1.80 | Multicomponent | Prompt beam with back-scattered |
| population linked to ICME trail. | |||||
| 70 | 90.0 | 6.8 | 1.23 | Single-mode | Very strong single-mode prompt |
| beam; negligible secondary mode. | |||||
| 71 | 58.7 | 16.0 | 2.52 | Complex | Weak PC1 dominance; complex, multi |
| component transport and reflections. | |||||
| 72 | 77.7 | 15.2 | 1.59 | Multicomponent | Primary forward beam with a secondary |
| reflected/back-scattered component. | |||||
| 73 | 79.6 | 18.7 | 1.49 | Multicomponent | Moderate single-mode behavior; |
| transport signatures present. |
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