Mass–radius diagram for the three discussed planets in comparison with validated exoplanets around M dwarfs with masses of M_p<30 M_⊕ and R_p<4 R_⊕. The exoplanet data were downloaded from NASA Exoplanet Archive on 2025 August 2. The black dots highlight planets characterized with CARMENES. The diagram features several compositional lines as computed by Zeng et al. (2019). The 50% Earth-like +50% H₂O and 49.95% Earth-like +49.95% H₂O + 0.1 H₂ compositional lines are plotted for an equilibrium temperature of 500 K, that is, the closest to the derived temperature of the exoplanets under analysis.