Orbital semimajor axes and eccentricities of all particles after Phobos is tidally disrupted. The solid vertical lines denote the distance at which Phobos was tidally disrupted, which we define as the point at which its mass is half of its initial value. (a) Low-resolution cases with an ellipsoidal Phobos. The dashed black line indicates the second-order rigid-body Roche limit derived in Sect. 2.1 and the dotted lines indicated the predicted disruption limit based on the Drucker-Prager failure criterion derived in Sect. 2.2. (b) Low-resolution cases based on Phobos’ true shape model. (c) Single high-resolution case using Phobos’ shape model with zero cohesion.