Fig. 18

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Excess absorption of helium as a function of time reported by multiple teams using high-resolution instruments: CARMENES (Nortmann et al. 2018), Keck/NIRSPEC (Tyler et al. 2024), GIANO-B (Guilluy et al. 2024), and SPIRou (Allart et al. 2023; Masson et al. 2024). The SPIRou analysis of Masson et al. (2024) was offset by five days compared to Allart et al. (2023) for visualization purposes. In light purple are the 1-σ dispersions of the continuum measured on the NIRPS transits. This is to allow a better comparison with the values in the literature.
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