Fig. 1

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Schematic picture of the two heating models shown in this paper: MHD heating, and classical heating. The MHD heating model includes the effects where (1) accretion heating occurs at a high altitude, (2) the accretion energy is taken by disk winds, and (3) the accretion rate is reduced by the mass loss of the winds. In the classical heating model, accretion heating occurs at the midplane, and the (2)–(3) wind effects are weak. Both models include irradiation heating.
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