Ultraluminous X-ray sources in Globular Clusters | Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A)

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Volume 696 (April 2025)

A&A, 696 (2025) A90

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Table 4

Initial properties of ULX progenitors by group.

Group	(*)	MZAMS	fesc	fbin	Mode	fprim	fpris	Mcomp	a	e
G_BH,MS	A	${47.00}_{- 46.10}^{+ 73.39}$ ${47.00_{ - 46.10}^{ + 73.39}}$	0.07	0.91	A-D(p) (85%)	0.98	0.94	${20.89}_{- 12.95}^{+ 64.91}$ ${20.89_{ - 12.95}^{ + 64.91}}$	${71.01}_{- 39.51}^{+ 3187.79}$ ${71.01_{ - 39.51}^{ + 3187.79}}$	${0.19}_{- 0.19}^{+ 0.67}$ ${0.19_{ - 0.19}^{ + 0.67}}$
	D	${18.48}_{- 17.59}^{+ 59.00}$ ${18.48_{ - 17.59}^{ + 59.00}}$	0.07	0.91	A-D(p) (83%)	0.07	0.91	${48.97}_{- 47.11}^{+ 71.42}$ ${48.97_{ - 47.11}^{7 + 1.42}}$	${67.00}_{- 42.35}^{+ 3191.81}$ ${67.00_{ - 42.35}^{ + 3191.81}}$	${0.18}_{- 0.18}^{+ 0.68}$ ${0.18_{ - 0.18}^{ + 0.68}}$
GBH,HG	A	${48.13}_{- 40.02}^{+ 97.30}$ ${48.13_{ - 40.02}^{ + 97.30}}$	0.03	0.96	A-D(p) (95%)	0.99	0.98	${33.22}_{- 24.70}^{+ 78.41}$ ${33.22_{ - 24.70}^{ + 78.41}}$	${115.21}_{- 79.31}^{+ 2330.09}$ ${115.21_{ - 79.31}^{ + 2330.09}}$	${0.13}_{- 0.13}^{+ 0.60}$ ${0.13_{ - 0.13}^{ + 0.60}}$
	D	${32.29}_{- 30.81}^{+ 79.34}$ ${32.29_{ - 30.81}^{ + 79.34}}$	0.03	0.97	A-D(p) (94%)	0.01	0.98	${48.59}_{- 27.64}^{+ 96.84}$ ${48.59_{ - 27.64}^{ + 96.84}}$	${114.91}_{- 79.93}^{+ 2149.83}$ ${114.91_{ - 79.93}^{ + 2149.83}}$	${0.14}_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.59}$ ${0.14_{ - 0.14}^{ + 0.59}}$
GBH,CHeB	A	${37.02}_{- 36.45}^{+ 76.30}$ ${37.02_{ - 36.45}^{ + 76.30}}$	0.11	0.89	A-D(p) (88%)	1.00	0.99	${23.69}_{- 12.46}^{+ 48.14}$ ${23.69_{ - 12.46}^{ + 48.14}}$	${398.98}_{- 350.69}^{+ 3919.72}$ ${398.98_{ - 350.69}^{ + 3919.72}}$	${0.21}_{- 0.21}^{+ 0.60}$ ${0.21_{ - 0.21}^{ + 0.60}}$
	D	${21.93}_{- 21.37}^{+ 49.90}$ ${21.93_{ - 21.37}^{ + 49.90}}$	0.11	0.89	A-D(p) (88%)	0.01	0.99	${37.98}_{- 16.70}^{+ 75.81}$ ${37.98_{ - 16.70}^{ + 75.81}}$	${398.98}_{- 352.62}^{+ 3897.78}$ ${398.98_{ - 352.62}^{ + 3897.78}}$	${0.21}_{- 0.21}^{+ 0.60}$ ${0.21_{ - 0.21}^{ + 0.60}}$
GIMBH	A	${13.54}_{- 3.50}^{+ 2.57}$ ${13.54_{ - 3.50}^{ + 2.57}}$	0.00	0.67	A-n (100%)	1.00	0.00	${9.67}_{- 0.85}^{+ 2.20}$ ${9.67_{ - 0.85}^{ + 2.20}}$	${75.45}_{- 39.57}^{+ 1.96}$ ${75.45_{ - 39.57}^{ + 1.96}}$	${0.06}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.07}$ ${0.06_{ - 0.05}^{ + 0.07}}$
	D	${1.19}_{- 1.05}^{+ 14.35}$ ${1.19_{ - 1.05}^{ + 14.55}}$	0.00	0.88	D-n (61%)	0.56	0.00	${0.90}_{- 0.72}^{+ 11.26}$ ${0.90_{ - 0.72}^{ + 11.26}}$	${36.70}_{- 30.94}^{+ 276433.30}$ ${36.70_{ - 30.94}^{ + 276433.30}}$	${0.34}_{- 0.33}^{+ 0.58}$ ${0.34_{ - 0.33}^{ + 0.58}}$
GNS	A	${5.98}_{- 5.87}^{+ 12.30}$ ${5.98_{ - 5.87}^{ + 12.30}}$	0.39	0.68	A-D(p) (49%)	0.90	0.74	${3.04}_{- 2.94}^{+ 8.86}$ ${3.04_{ - 2.94}^{ + 8.86}}$	${1410.90}_{- 1393.38}^{+ 600401.60}$ ${1410.90_{ - 1393.38}^{ + 600401.60}}$	${0.32}_{- 0.32}^{+ 0.58}$ ${0.32_{ - 0.32}^{ + 0.58}}$
	D	${2.07}_{- 1.98}^{+ 8.32}$ ${2.07_{ - 1.98}^{ + 8.32}}$	0.39	0.70	A-D(p) (48%)	0.27	0.71	${5.46}_{- 5.33}^{+ 11.13}$ ${5.46_{ - 5.33}^{ + 11.13}}$	${1410.90}_{- 1400.20}^{+ 724659.10}$ ${1410.90_{ - 1400.20}^{ + 724659.10}}$	${0.34}_{- 0.34}^{+ 0.58}$ ${0.34_{ - 0.34}^{ + 0.58}}$
Other	A	${24.70}_{- 24.56}^{+ 46.22}$ ${24.70_{ - 24.56}^{ + 46.22}}$	0.15	0.80	A-D(p) (57%)	0.89	0.73	${10.44}_{- 10.24}^{+ 40.18}$ ${10.44_{ - 10.24}^{ + 40.18}}$	${1849.40}_{- 1824.04}^{+ 226115.60}$ ${1849.40_{ - 1824.04}^{ + 2261150.60}}$	${0.22}_{- 0.22}^{+ 0.70}$ ${0.22_{ - 0.22}^{ + 0.70}}$
	D	${4.73}_{- 4.61}^{+ 31.64}$ ${4.73_{ - 4.61}^{ + 31.64}}$	0.14	0.80	A-D(p) (52%)	0.28	0.66	${22.43}_{- 22.31}^{+ 46.86}$ ${22.43_{ - 22.31}^{ + 46.86}}$	${1409.40}_{- 1396.45}^{+ 338400.60}$ ${1409.40_{ - 1396.45}^{ + 33400.60}}$	${0.31}_{- 0.31}^{+ 0.59}$ ${0.31_{ - 0.31}^{ + 0.59}}$

Notes. Initial properties of ULX progenitors, including median values with 95% confidence intervals or averages. Groups are defined in Table 2 and accompaning text.^(∗) denotes component (A – accretor, D – donor). M_ZAMS : ZAMS mass (M_⊙); esc: fraction of ULXs formed from escapers; bin: binary fraction among progenitors; mode: dominant formation mode (see Table 1); f_prim : fraction of progenitors formed from primary stars; f_pris : fraction of pristine ULXs formed; M_comp : companion ZAMS mass (M_⊙); a: ZAMS separation (R_⊙); e: ZAMS eccentricity. Mode, f_prim, f_pris, M_comp , a, and e values are calculated only for binary progenitors.

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