Table 3
Comparison of key quantities that characterize the escaping upper atmosphere of KELT-9 b obtained in three different studies.
| Parameter | García Muñoz & Schneider (2019) | Fossati et al. (2021) | This work |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pbase, bar | 10−7 | 101−10−4 | 102 |
| 10−4−10−11 (a) | |||
| Tbase,(104 K) | 0.8 | 0.35–0.45 | 0.4–0.5 |
| Tmax(P), (104 K) | 1.5(10−9) | 0.85(3 × 10−8) | 0.9(10−7) |
| P at r = Rphm | 10−7 | 6 × 10−2 | 10−1 |
| P at H+/H = 1 | 10−8 | 3 × 10−6 | 5 × 10−7 |
| β-factor H I(n2) | 3 × 10−4 | 1(P > 3 × 10−6)(b) | 1(P > 3 × 10−7) |
| 10−2 (P = 10−8)(b) | 10−1(P = 10−8) | ||
| Heating, (erg cm−3 s−1) | 10−10 (P = 10−10) | 10−8 (P = 10−10) | |
| due to H I(n2) | 10−4 (P = 10−7) | 10−3 (P = 10−7) | 3 × 10−4 (P=10−7) |
| due to metals | absent | 10−1 (P = 10−4)(c) | 10−1 (P = 3 × 10−4) |
| Ṁ, (g s−1) | 1011 | >1011 | 1012−1013 |
| AHα,(%) | ∼0.1 | ≈1 | ≈1 |
Notes. (a)Obtained using two different computing codes (HELIOS and CLOUDY) by combining the solution in different pressure regions. (b) Results given in Fossati et al. (2021). (c) In Fossati et al. (2021), the main heating is produced by Fe II and the main cooling by Mg II.
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