Fig. 4
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Cooling or heating rates of elements, calculated for KELT-9 b with an account of the lines listed in Table 1 at ne = 1011 cm−3 under the impact of an unshielded radiation flux of the host star. Depending on temperature, the rates are either negative (i.e., cooling, dashed lines), or positive (i.e., heating, solid lines). The vertical axis is in log scale.
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