Pile-up properties of 1D and 2D runs as listed in Table 1. For each run, two markers are plotted to indicate the locations of the midplane snowline r_snow,mid (left) and the peak solid-to-gas ratio r_pk (right), with their y-axis indicating the value of the peak midplane solid-to-gas ratio ξ_pk . The vertical dashed line denotes the location of r_snow,mid before pebble injection (2.1 au). The horizontal dotted line, labeled as “unperturbed”, denotes the expected solid-to-gas ratio at the snowline without ice sublimation. The length of the shaded region, centered on r_pk , denotes the FWHM of the pile-up. The color represents the total amount of water mass stored, as ice, in the snowline region.