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Fig. 9.

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Scattering shifts estimated by comparing the BELLA positions to the expected positions along the Parker spiral given by the Parker density model. Note the frequency axis is inverted as a proxy for distance from the Sun. The results from ray-tracing simulations (Kontar et al. 2019) are shown as orange dots (for fundamental emissions) and green squares (for harmonic emissions). BELLA was found to be in significant agreement with the ray-tracing simulations regardless of whether the emission is fundamental or harmonic. The agreement between the BELLA estimates and the ray-tracing simulations is evidence of the powerful effects that radio-wave scattering induces on the apparent position of radio sources, and validates the descriptions of the anisotropic nature of scattering in the solar corona.

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