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Fig. 3

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Success and failure in reforming the b, c, and e 3BR post-collision. Top panels show the evolution of Pc/Pb and Pe/Pc. The black dashed line and red dashed line correspond to the zeroth-order and first-order 3BR, respectively, and the color of the dots indicates time. The bottom panels show the (b, c, e) 3BR angle. In panels a and d, there is no torque on planet b, and Qphy is the same for all planets. The planets cross the zeroth-order 3BR and get trapped in a first-order 3BR, which is inconsistent with the present state. In panels b and e, planet b experienced an exponentially decaying outward torque with a timescale of 5 Myr with the same Qphy for all planets. In panels c and f, tidal dissipation is more sufficient in planet c with Qc, phy/Qb, phy = 0.1.

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