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Fig. 4.

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Density slices (8.4 R × 11.6 R) in the orbital plane. a): Start of the simulation where the hot Jupiter grazes the stellar surface (Porb = 23.1 h). b)–c): The hot Jupiter is fully engulfed and spirals in due to drag. d)–e): Radial sinking and disruption of the hot Jupiter. The inset in d) plots the velocity divergence, which shows the bow shock (dark blue) and downstream expansion region (red). The black cross marks the location of the sink particle used to replace the stellar core. This Figure was created with the SARRACEN package (Harris & Tricco 2023). Videos of our simulations are available at https://themikelau.github.io/planet_engulfment.html

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