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Volume 694 (February 2025)

A&A, 694 (2025) A275

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Table B.1

Chemical surface reactions r assumed to form the solid materials s.

Index r	Solid s	Surface reaction	Key species
1	TiO_շ[s]	TiO_շ → TiO_շ[s]	TiO_շ
2	rutile	Ti + 2 H_շO → TiO_շ[s] + 2 H₂	Ti
3	(1)	TiO + H_շO → TiO_շ[s] + H_շ	TiO
4		TiS + 2 H_շO → TiO_շ[s] + H_շS + H_շ	TiS

5	SiO_շ[s]	SiH + 2 H_շO → SiO_շ[s] + 2 H_շ + H	SiH
6	silica	SiO + H_շO → SiO_շ[s] + H_շ	SiO
7	(3)	SiS + 2 H_շO → SiO_շ[s] + H_շS + H_շ	SiS

8	SiO[s]	SiO → SiO[s]	SiO
9	silicon mono-oxide	2 SiH + 2 H_շO → 2 SiO[s] + 3 H_շ	SiH
10	(2)	SiS + H_շO → SiO[s] + H_շS	SiS

11	Fe[s]	Fe → Fe[s]	Fe
12	solid iron	FeO + H_շ → Fe[s] + H_շO	FeO
13	(1)	FeS + H_շ→ Fe[s] + H_շS	FeS
14		Fe(OH)_շ + H_շ→ Fe[s] + 2 H_շO	Fe(OH)_շ
15		2 FeH → 2 Fe[s] + H_շ	FeH

16	FeO[s]	FeO → FeO[s]	FeO
17	iron (II) oxide	Fe + H_շO → FeO[s] + H_շ	Fe
18	(3)	FeS + H_շO → FeO[s] + H_շS	FeS
19		Fe(OH)_շ → FeO[s] + H_շ	Fe(OH)_շ
20		2 FeH + 2 H_շO → 2 FeO[s] + 3 H_շ	FeH

21	FeS[s]	FeS → FeS[s]	FeS
22	iron sulphide	Fe + H_շS → FeS[s] + H_շ	Fe
23	(3)	FeO + H_շS → FeS[s] + H_շO	min{FeO, H_շS}
24		Fe(OH)_շ + H_շS → FeS[s] + 2 H_շO	min{Fe(OH)_շ, H_շS}
25		2 FeH + 2 H_շS → 2 FeS[s] + 3 H_շ	min{FeH, H_շS}

26	Fe_շO₃[s]	2 Fe + 3 H_շO → Fe_շO₃[s] + 3 H_շ	$\frac{1}{2} Fe$ ${{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{Fe}}}$
27	iron (III) oxide	2 FeO + H_շO → Fe_շO₃[s] + H_շ	$\frac{1}{2} FeO$ ${{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{FeO}}}$
28	(3)	2 FeS + 3 H_շo → Fe_շO₃[s] + 2 H_շs + H_շ	$\frac{1}{2} FeS$ ${{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{FeS}}}$
29		2 Fe(OH)_շ → Fe_շO₃[s] + H_շO + H_շ	$\frac{1}{2} {Fe(OH)}_{2}$ ${{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{Fe(OH}}{{\rm{)}}_{\rm{2}}}}$
30		2 FeH + 3 H_շO → Fe_շO₃[s] + 4 H_շ	$\frac{1}{2} FeH$ ${{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{FeH}}}$

31	MgO[s]	Mg + H_շO → MgO[s] + H_շ	Mg
32	periclase	2 MgH + 2 H_շO → 2 MgO[s] + 3 H_շ	$\frac{1}{2} MgH$ ${{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{MgH}}}$
33	(3)	2 MgOH → 2 MgO[s] + н₂	$\frac{1}{2} MgOH$ ${{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{MgOH}}}$
34		Mg(OH)_շ → MgO[s] + H_շO	Mg(OH)_շ

35	MgSiO₃[s]	Mg + SiO + 2 H_շO → MgSiO₃[s] + H_շ	min{Mg, SiO}
36	enstatite	Mg + SiS + 3 H_շO → MgSiO₃[s] + H_շS + 2 H_շ	min{Mg, SiS}
37	(3)	2 Mg + 2 SiH + 6 H_շO → 2 MgSiO₃[s] + 7 H_շ	min{Mg, SiH}
38		2 MgOH + 2 SiO + 2 H_շO → 2 MgSiO₃[s] + 3 H_շ	$min {\frac{1}{2} MgOH, \frac{1}{2} SiO}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{MgOH,}}{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{SiO}}} \right\}}$
39		2 MgOH + 2 SiS + 4 H_շO → 2 MgSiO₃[s] + 2 H₂S + 3 H₂	$min {\frac{1}{2} MgOH, \frac{1}{2} SiS}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{MgOH,}}{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{SiS}}} \right\}}$
40		MgOH + SiH + 2 H_շO → MgSiO₃[s] + 3 H_շ	$min {\frac{1}{2} MgOH, \frac{1}{2} SiH}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{MgOH,}}{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{SiH}}} \right\}}$
41		Mg(OH)_շ + SiO → 2 MgSiO₃[s] + H_շ	min{Mg(OH)_շ, SiO)
42		Mg(OH)_շ + SiS + H_շO → MgSiO₃[s] + H_շS+ H_շ	min{Mg(OH)_շ, SiS)
43		2 Mg(OH)_շ + 2 SiH + 2 H_շO → 2 MgSiO₃[s] + 5 H_շ	min{Mg(OH)_շ, SiH)
44		2 MgH + 2 SiO + 4 H_շO → 2 MgSiO₃[s]+ 5 H₂	min{MgH, SiO)
45		2 MgH + 2 SiS + 6 H_շO → 2 MgSiO₃[s]+ 2 H_շS + 5 H_շ	min{MgH, SiS)
46		MgH + SiH + 3 H_շO → MgSiO₃[s]+ 4 H₂	min{MgH, SiH)


47	Mg_շSiO₄[s]	2 Mg + SiO + 3 H_շO → Mg_շSiO₄[s] + 3 H_շ	$min {\frac{1}{2} Mg,SiO}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{Mg,SiO}}} \right\}}$
48	forsterite	2 MgOH + SiO + H_շO → Mg_շSiO₄[s] + 2 H_շ	$min {\frac{1}{2} MgOH,SiO}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{MgOH,SiO}}} \right\}}$
49	(3)	2 Mg(OH)_շ + SiO → Mg_շSiO₄[s] + H_շO + H_շ	$min {\frac{1}{2} {Mg(OH)}_{2},SiO}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{Mg(OH}}{{\rm{)}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,SiO}}} \right\}}$
50		2 MgH + SiO + 3 H_շO → Mg_շSiO₄[s] + 4 H_շ	$min {\frac{1}{2} MgH,SiO}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{MgH,SiO}}} \right\}}$
51		2 Mg + SiS + 4 H_շO → Mg_շSiO₄[s] + H_շS + 3 H_շ	$min {\frac{1}{2} Mg,SiS}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{Mg,SiS}}} \right\}}$
52		2 MgOH + SiS + 2 H_շO → Mg_շSiO₄[s] + H_շS + 2 H_շ	$min {\frac{1}{2} MgOH,SiS}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{MgOH,SiS}}} \right\}}$
53		2 Mg(OH)_շ + SiS → Mg_շSiO₄[s] + H_շ + H_շS	$min {\frac{1}{2} {Mg(OH)}_{2},SiS}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{Mg(OH}}{{\rm{)}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,SiS}}} \right\}}$
54		2 MgH + SiS + 4 H_շO → Mg_շSiO₄[s] + H_շS + 4 H_շ	$min {\frac{1}{2} MgH,SiS}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{MgH,SiS}}} \right\}}$
55		4 Mg + 2 SiH + 8 H_շO → 2 Mg_շSiO₄[s] + 9 H_շ	$min {\frac{1}{2} Mg,SiH}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{Mg,SiH}}} \right\}}$
56		4 MgOH + 2 SiH + 4 H_շO → 2 Mg_շSiO₄[s] + 7 H_շ	$min {\frac{1}{2} MgOH,SiH}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{MgOH,SiH}}} \right\}}$
57		4 Mg(OH)_շ + 2 SiH → 2 Mg_շSiO₄[s] + 5 H_շ	$min {\frac{1}{2} {Mg(OH)}_{2},SiH}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{Mg(OH}}{{\rm{)}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{,SiH}}} \right\}}$
58		4 MgH + 2 SiH + 8 HշO → 2 Mg_շSiO₄[s] + 11 H_շ	$min {\frac{1}{2} MgH,SiS}$ ${{\rm{min}}\left\{ {{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{MgH,SiS}}} \right\}}$

59	Al_շO₃[s]	2 Al + 3 H_շO → Al_շO₃[s] + 3 H_շ	$\frac{1}{2} Al$ ${{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{Al}}}$
60	aluminia	2 AlOH + H_շO → Al_շO₃[s] + 2 H_շ	$\frac{1}{2} AlOH$ ${{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{AlOH}}}$
61	(3)	2 A1H + 3 H_շO → Al_շO₃ [s] + 4 H_շ	$\frac{1}{2} AlH$ ${{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{AlH}}}$
62		Al_շO + 2 H_շO → Al_շO₃[s] + 2 H_շ	Al_շO
63		2 AlO_շH → Al_շO₃[s] + H_շO	$\frac{1}{2} {AlO}_{2} H$ ${{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}{\rm{Al}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{H}}}$

64	CaTio₃[s]	Ca + Ti + 3 H_շO → CaTiO₃[s] + 3 H_շ	min{Ca, Ti}
65	perovskite	Ca + TiO + 2 H_շO → CaTiO₃[s] + 2 H_շ	min{Ca, TiO}
66	(3)	Ca + TiO_շ + H_շO → CaTiO₃[s] + H_շ	min{Ca, TiO_շ}
67		Ca + TiS + 3 H_շO → CaTiO₃[s] + H_շS + 2 H_շ	min{Ca, TiS}
68		CaO + Ti + 2 H_շO → CaTiO₃[s] + 2 H_շ	min{CaO, Ti}
69		CaO + TiO + H_շO → CaTiO₃[s] + H_շ	min{CaO, TiO}
70		CaO + TiO_շ → CaTiO₃[s]	min{CaO, TiO_շ}
71		CaO + TiS + 2 H_շO → CaTiO₃[s] + H_շS + H₂	min{CaO, TiO}
72		CaS + Ti + 3 H_շO → CaTiO₃[s] + H_շS + H_շ	min{CaS, Ti}
73		CaS + TiO + 2 H_շO → CaTiO₃[s] + H_շS + 2 H_շ	min{CaS, TiO}
74		CaS + TiO_շ + H_շO → CaTiO₃[s] + H_շS	min{CaS, TiO_շ}
75		CaS + TiS + 3 H_շO → CaTiO₃[s] + 2 H_շS + H₂	min{CaS, TiO}
76		Ca(OH)_շ + Ti + H_շO → CaTiO₃[s] + 2 H_շ	min{Ca(OH)_շ, Ti}
77		Ca(OH)_շ + TiO → CaTiO₃[s] + H_շ	min{Ca(OH)_շ, TiO}
78		Ca(OH)_շ + TiO_շ → CaTiO₃[s] + H_շO	min{Ca(OH)_շ,TiO_շ}
79		Ca(OH)_շ + TiS + H_շO → CaTiO₃[s] + H_շS + H₂	min{Ca(OH)_շ, TiO}
80		2 CaH + 2 Ti + 6 H_շO → 2 CaTiO₃[s] + 7 H_շ	min{CaH, Ti}
81		2 CaH + 2 TiO + 4 H_շO → 2 CaTiO₃[s] + 5 H₂	min{CaH, TiO}
82		2 CaH + 2 TiO_շ + 2 H_շO → 2 CaTiO₃[s] + 3 H_շ	min{CaH, TiO_շ}
83		2 CaH + 2 TiS + 6 H_շO → 2 CaTiO₃[s] + 2 H_շS +5 H_շ	min{CaH, TiS}
84		2 CaOH + 2 Ti + 4 H_շO → 2 CaTiO₃[s] + 5 H_շ	min{CaOH, Ti}
85		2 CaOH + 2 TiO + 2 H_շO → 2 CaTiO₃[s] + 3 H₂	min{CaOH, TiO}
86		2 CaOH + 2 TiO_շ → 2 CaTiO₃[s] + H_շ	min{CaOH, TiO_շ}
87		2 CaOH + 2 TiS + 4 H_շO → 2 CaTiO₃[s] + 2 H_շS + 3 H_շ	min{CaOH, TiS}

Notes. The efficiency of the reaction is limited by the collision rate of the key species, which has the lowest abundance among the reactants. The notation $\frac{1}{2}$ ${{{\rm{1}} \over {\rm{2}}}}$ in the r.h.s. column means that only every second collision (and sticking) event initiates one reaction. Data sources for the supersaturation ratios (and saturation vapour pressures): (1) Helling & Woitke (2006): (2) Nuth & Ferguson (2006): (3) Sharp & Huebner (1990).

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