Cartoon depicting the three scenarios explored in this work. The thickness of the yellow arrows connecting the disc and star represents the magnitude of α controlling the gas evolution and accretion. The turbulence strength is indicated by the thickness and size of the circular arrow in the bottom right. The speckled region represents the dust with the brown colour indicating dry dust and the light blue colour indicating icy dust and the finer-grained pattern indicating where grains are more fragile. The vertical size of this region is inflated for illustrative purposes in locations where is a traffic jam and grains pile up.