Results of Horseshoe ensemble simulations for Event 1 with varying ϕ_p obtained using EUHFORIA. Panels from top to bottom: speed (v), proton number density (n_p), B_x, B_y, B_z, magnetic field strength (|B|), plasma beta (β), and Dst. The observations from the WIND spacecraft are plotted in black in all the plasma and magnetic field properties panels. In the Dst panel, the observed Dst from WDC, Kyoto, is plotted in red, the reference modelled Dst using the observed data in black, and the Dst using EUHFORIA simulations in other colours. The solid black vertical line marks the shock arrival time, and the dashed magenta lines show the start and end of the magnetic cloud as reported in the WIND ICME catalogue (https://wind.nasa.gov/ICME_catalog/ICME_catalog_viewer.php).