Horseshoe model implementation. Left: schematic representation (not-to-scale) of the Horseshoe model propagating into the EUHFORIA heliosphere domain in the equatorial plane (x − y); Right: comparison of the EUHFORIA predictions at 1 au between the Horseshoe and the full torus geometry with the mMT magnetic field configuration. The red arrow in the B_y profile shows the double polarity signatures of the full torus. The B_z profile of the full torus is compressed and merged with the trailing part of the torus.