Timescale matrix for a VENICE implementation. Left: representation of the coupling timescale matrix, τ, of an operator set as an undirected, weighted graph. Edges are labelled with the coupling timescale; some edges between triangulated nodes share labels for clarity. The coupling timescale between unconnected nodes is ∞. Right: tree representation of the recursive splitting of connected components, for the system on the left. Dotted lines denote skipped layers of nodes with a single parent and child node.