Cosmic star formation rate density (ρ_SFR) as a function of redshift. The green, red and blue lines represent ρ_SFR deduced from the TNG100 simulation integrated from 3 × 10⁹ M_⊙, including all galaxies, galaxies with log₁₀(M_⋆/M_⊙)> 10, and galaxies with log₁₀(M_⋆/M_⊙)< 10, respectively. The green, red and green faded dots represent the total ρ_SFR trend, ρ_SFR of galaxies with log₁₀(M_⋆/M_⊙)> 10, and galaxies with log₁₀(M_⋆/M_⊙)< 10, respectively (including H-dropout contribution from Wang et al. 2019), from this work. The grey line represents the trend from Madau & Dickinson (2014) for reference.