Stringent upper limits of minor species at the cloud top of Venus: PH3, HCN, and NH3

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Table 1

Spectroscopic parameters of the molecular transitions used in this study, extracted from the GEISA-2020 database: PH₃ at 955.2 cm⁻¹, HCN at 747.4 cm⁻¹, and NH₃ at 951.8 cm⁻¹.

Species	Wavenumber (cm⁻¹)	Band identification	Line identification	Intensity (cm molec⁻¹)	Energy (cm⁻¹)	Broad. coef. (cm⁻¹ atm⁻¹)
PH₃	955.23186	0100 0000	3 2 0E 4 2 0E	1.02 × 10⁻²⁰	86.8739	0.0744
CO₂	955.306951	000 11 100 01	P11E	6.663 × 10⁻²⁷	1426.0243	0.0807
HCN	747.407040	0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0	R 11	2.108 × 10⁻¹⁹	195.0747	0.1002
CO₂	747.353675	2 0 0 02 1 1 1 02	Q22F	6.461 × 10⁻²⁶	2094.8606	0.0711
CO₂	747.379179	1 1 1 01 0 2 2 01	R19F	1.98 × 10⁻²⁶	1474.2336	0.0724
NH₃	951.776242	0100 00 0 A1′ 0000 00 0 A2″	10 s A2′ A2′ 00 a A1′ A2″	1.613 × 10⁻¹⁹	0.7934	0.1037
CO₂	951.641607	0 1 1 11 1 1 1 01	R36F	2.3 × 10⁻²⁵	2597.8979	0.0681

Notes. The nearby CO₂ transitions were also added. The line intensities correspond to a temperature of 296 K. The broadening coefficients (HWHM) refer to air-broadening.

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