Comparison of in situ observations at Earth and modelled velocity (top panel) and density time series (bottom panel) obtained in EUHFORIA simulations for Event 2. The in situ data are presented as the green line and the modelled time series have different shades according to the positions at which they were estimated (see also Fig. 2a). The modelling results were obtained using the CME characteristics obtained with GCS5. The red and black arrows mark the observed arrival time at Earth and the modelled arrival time of the CME (also a dashed black curve) at zero degree latitude and longitude, respectively. The blue arrow indicates the estimated shock arrival time obtained from the drift rate of type II radio burst. The modelled arrival time of the shock wave at Earth is close to the observed one, Δt ≈ +1 h. The observed Δt is different for different latitudes, ranging up to 15 h.