Evolution of the twisted state in a 1D simulation using dwarpy in two different simulations. The initial state of the warp in both simulations is taken from the twisted state in the 3D simulation at t = 3696 yr (308 orbits at R₀). The top panel shows the 1D simulation with internal torque G extracted from the 3D simulation, the bottom panel shows the same simulation, but internal torque G initially set to zero for comparison. Details comparable to Figure 18 (bottom panel).