Validation of GASTLI for Jupiter. Left: GASTLI models for Jupiter. GASTLI can reproduce Jupiter’s mass and radius data with the fiducial model within 1.6%. Solid lines show the total radius obtained with GASTLI for CMF equal to 0 and 0.03 (fiducial) assuming a solar metallicity in the envelope. The global average equilibrium temperature (122 K) and internal temperature (107 K) of Jupiter were adopted . Right: comparison of mass–radius relations between GASTLI and two widely used interior models for gas giants, namely those of F07 and MH21. For the same composition, GASTLI agrees within uncertainties with other publicly available mass–radius relations. The fiducial case at CMF = 0.03 is indicated in black for all models. F07 and MH21 models were obtained assuming the irradiation and age of Jupiter. For MH21 at CMF = 0, a solar Z_env = 0.013 is not available, and so Z_env = 0 is assumed instead.