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Fig. 8

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Comparison of HDO/H2O ratios measured in the gas and ice toward protostars of various masses (adapted from Jensen et al. 2019 and Andreu et al. 2023). Ratios measured in the gas phase are plotted with red diamonds for clustered Class 0 LYSOs, yellow squares for isolated Class 0 LYSOs, blue stars for isolated Class 1 LYSOs, and green pentagons for MYSOs. Ice upper limits derived from pre-JWST spectra are plotted with teal triangles. The JWST ice values from this work are plotted with orange hexagons. The literature values used in this figure are provided in Table D.1.

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