Fig. 6

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Lifetime (in Myr) of the MO-outgassed atmosphere as a function of planetary mass (x-axis), and incoming XUV flux (LXUV, y-axis), normalized by the solar XUV flux received by the Earth 4.5 Ga ((t = 4.5 Ga)) from Ribas et al. (2005), for the cases most prone to hydrodynamic escape (ΔIW = −5 and Φ = 0.1). The loci in which the crossover mass matches the molecular mass of H2O (black), CO or N2 (purple), and CO2 (white) are also represented.
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