Sputtering time as a function of temperature for a gas density of n = 1 H cm⁻³ and a grain size of a = 0.1 μm. In red and blue solid and dotted are the results of Tielens et al. (1994) for respectively Si and C grains using their fitting functions valid up to T ≃ 2 × 10⁸ K. The black line is the fitting formula from Tsai & Mathews (1995). The red and blue dashed lines are the fitting formulas for respectively Si and C grains from Hu et al. (2019).