${\chi }_r^2$ and residual RMS for PSR J1909−3744 obtained with NCY data as a function of the selected TMM and template. In the plot, the “+,” “x,” and “tri-left” symbols represent the three TMMs, FDM, PGS, and GIS, respectively. The different colors represent the different templates: added (blue), analytic (cyan), single ( orange), and smoothed (olive). As seen in this plot, the GIS technique, compared with other techniques, produces much larger RMS values and inaccurate ToA error estimates.