Four-of-a-kind? Comprehensive atmospheric characterisation of the HR 8799 planets with VLTI/GRAVITY

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Volume 687 (July 2024)

A&A, 687 (2024) A298

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Table 3

Summary of literature and derived planet properties for HR 8799 d.

Planet	Ref.	Clouds	M (M_J_up)	log g (cgs)	T_eff (K)	R (R_Jup)	[M/H]	C/O	log L_bol/L_⊙
d	C11	Thick	5–17.5	3.75–4.5	1000–1200	…	0	…	−4.7 ± 0.1
	G11	Slab	6	4.0	1100	1.25	…	…	…
	M11	Power law	3–11	3.5–4.2	850–1000	…	…	…	…
	M12	AM01	8–11	4.1 ± 0.1	1000 ± 75	1.33–1.41	0	…	−4.80 ± 0.09
	B16	ER4	…	4.4–4.5	1200–1300	0.9–1.1	0.5	…	…
	L17	Mie	…	4.2 ± 0.2	1420 ± 10^(a)	0.96 ± 0.05	…	0	…
	G18	Various	…	3.5–4.0	1100–1600	0.65–1.4	…	…	−4.58 to −4.82
	W21^(b)	BT-Settl	…	${5.1}_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.3}$ $\[5.1_{-0.4}^{+0.3}\]$	${1558.8}_{- 91.4}^{+ 50.9}$ $\[1558.8_{-91.4}^{+50.9}\]$	…	…	…	…
	R21^(c)	Slab	${3.7}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $\[3.7_{-0.03}^{+0.03}\]$	$1200_{- 14}^{+ }$ $\[1200_{-14}^{+}\]$	…	…	0	${0.551}_{- 0.005}^{+ 0.004}$ $\[0.551_{-0.005}^{+0.004}\]$	…

	Best A ∩ B	AM01	${9.19}_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.08}$ $\[9.19_{-0.07}^{+0.08}\]$	${4.18}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.04}$ $\[4.18_{-0.03}^{+0.04}\]$	$1177_{- 21}^{+ 21}$ $\[1177_{-21}^{+21}\]$	${1.26}_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.05}$ $\[1.26_{-0.06}^{+0.05}\]$	${1.2}_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.2}$ $\[1.2_{-0.1}^{+0.2}\]$	${0.61}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.03}$ $\[0.61_{-0.04}^{+0.03}\]$	$- {4.63}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.04}$ $\[-4.63_{-0.04}^{+0.04}\]$
	BMA A ∩ B	AM01	${9.19}_{- 0.07}^{+ 0.08}$ $\[9.19_{-0.07}^{+0.08}\]$	${4.18}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.06}$ $\[4.18_{-0.04}^{+0.06}\]$	$1179_{- 28}^{+ 31}$ $\[1179_{-28}^{+31}\]$	${1.26}_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.06}$ $\[1.26_{-0.08}^{+0.06}\]$	${1.2}_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.2}$ $\[1.2_{-0.2}^{+0.2}\]$	${0.60}_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.04}$ $\[0.60_{-0.06}^{+0.04}\]$	$- {4.62}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.05}$ $\[-4.62_{-0.04}^{+0.05}\]$
	A ∩ B	AM01	${9.20}_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.09}$ $\[9.20_{-0.08}^{+0.09}\]$	${4.19}_{- 0.04}^{+ 0.07}$ $\[4.19_{-0.04}^{+0.07}\]$	$1179_{- 36}^{+ 38}$ $\[1179_{-36}^{+38}\]$	${1.25}_{- 0.09}^{+ 0.06}$ $\[1.25_{-0.09}^{+0.06}\]$	${1.2}_{- 0.3}^{+ 0.4}$ $\[1.2_{-0.3}^{+0.4}\]$	${0.55}_{- 0.10}^{+ 0.12}$ $\[0.55_{-0.10}^{+0.12}\]$	$- {4.61}_{- 0.05}^{+ 0.05}$ $\[-4.61_{-0.05}^{+0.05}\]$
	Grids	Various	8.2–9.9	3.5–4.5	1200–1300	0.97–1.21	> 0.0	0.2–0.55	−4.59 to −4.65

Notes. ^(a) Only T_int, a model parameter, is reported.^(b) W21 used high resolution spectroscopy, and did not infer masses or radii, using masses of 7.2 ± 0.7 M_Jup for the inner three planets and 5.8 ± 0.5 M_Jup for HR 8799 b. A radius of 1.2 ± 0.1 R_Jup was used for all planets.^(c) R21 uncertainties were limited by the coarseness and boundaries of their model grid.

References. C11: Currie et al. (2011); G11: Galicher et al. (2011); M11: Madhusudhan et al. (2011); M12: Marley et al. (2012); B16: Bonnefoy et al. (2016); L17: Lavie et al. (2017); G18: Greenbaum et al. (2018); W21: Wang et al. (2021b); R21: Ruffio et al. (2021).

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