Four-of-a-kind? Comprehensive atmospheric characterisation of the HR 8799 planets with VLTI/GRAVITY

Home

All issues

Volume 687 (July 2024)

A&A, 687 (2024) A298

Full HTML

Open Access

Table 2

Summary of literature and derived planet properties for HR 8799 c.

Planet	Ref.	Clouds	M (M_J_up)	log g (cgs)	T_eff (K)	R (R_Jup)	[M/H]	C/O	log L_bol/L_⊙
c	C11	Thick	7–17.5	4–4.5	1000–1200	…	0	…	−4.7 ± 0.1
	G11	Slab	1.1	3.5	1200	0.97	…	…	−4.7 ± 0.1
	M11	Power law	3–11	4.0–4.3	950–1025	…	…	…	−4.7 ± 0.1
	M12	AM01	8–11	4.1 ± 0.1	950 ± 60	1.32–1.39	0	…	−4.90 ± 0.1
	K13	…	3–7	3.5–4.0	1100 ± 100	1–1.5	…	0.65 ± 0.1	…
	B16	ER4	…	3.8–3.9	1200	1.0	0.5	…	…
	L17	Mie	…	4.5 ± 0.1	960 ± 20^(a)	1.25 ± 0.02	…	0.55 ± 0.01	…
	G18	Various	…	3.5–4.0	1100–1350	0.7–1.2	…	…	−4.58 to −4.82
	W20	Deck	…	${3.97}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $\[3.97_{-0.03}^{+0.03}\]$	$1054_{- 5}^{+ 7}$ $\[1054_{-5}^{+7}\]$	1.47 ± 0.02	…	${0.58}_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.06}$ $\[0.58_{-0.06}^{+0.06}\]$	−4.59 ± 0.004
	W20^(b)	Deck	…	${3.95}_{- 0.12}^{+ 0.04}$ $\[3.95_{-0.12}^{+0.04}\]$	1102 ± 2	1.20	…	${0.39}_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.06}$ $\[0.39_{-0.06}^{+0.06}\]$	−4.69 ± 0.0002
	W21^(c)	BT-Settl	…	${5.4}_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.1}$ $\[5.4_{-0.2}^{+0.1}\]$	${1474.4}_{- 36.3}^{+ 24.4}$ $\[1474.4_{-36.3}^{+24.4}\]$	…	…	…	…
	R21^(d)	Slab	…	${3.63}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.03}$ $\[3.63_{-0.02}^{+0.03}\]$	$1200_{- 14}^{+ }$ $\[1200_{-14}^{+}\]$	…	0	${0.562}_{- 0.005}^{+ 0.004}$ $\[0.562_{-0.005}^{+0.004}\]$	…
	W23	AM01	…	${4.17}_{- 0.47}^{+ 0.41}$ $\[4.17_{-0.47}^{+0.41}\]$	$1421_{- 72}^{+ 92(e)}$ $\[1421_{-72}^{+92(e)}\]$	${1.01}_{- 0.08}^{+ 0.09}$ $\[1.01_{-0.08}^{+0.09}\]$	${0.51}_{- 0.43}^{+^{0.40 (f)}}$ $\[0.51_{-0.43}^{+0.40}(f)\]$	${0.67}_{- 0.15}^{+ 0.12}$ $\[0.67_{-0.15}^{+0.12}\]$	…

	Best A ∩ B	AM01	${8.5}_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.4}$ $\[8.5_{-0.4}^{+0.4}\]$	${4.26}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.02}$ $\[4.26_{-0.03}^{+0.02}\]$	$1158_{- 12}^{+ 11}$ $\[1158_{-12}^{+11}\]$	${1.10}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $\[1.10_{-0.01}^{+0.01}\]$	${1.27}_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.06}$ $\[1.27_{-0.06}^{+0.06}\]$	${0.66}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $\[0.66_{-0.01}^{+0.01}\]$	$- {4.71}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $\[-4.71_{-0.02}^{+0.02}\]$
	BMA A ∩ B	AM01	${8.5}_{- 0.5}^{+ 0.4}$ $\[8.5_{-0.5}^{+0.4} \]$	${4.26}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.02}$ $\[4.26_{-0.03}^{+0.02} \]$	$1159_{- 12}^{+ 11}$ $\[1159_{-12}^{+11} \]$	${1.10}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $\[1.10_{-0.01}^{+0.01} \]$	${1.27}_{- 0.06}^{+ 0.05}$ $\[1.27_{-0.06}^{+0.05} \]$	${0.66}_{- 0.01}^{+ 0.01}$ $\[0.66_{-0.01}^{+0.01} \]$	$- {4.71}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.02}$ $\[-4.71_{-0.02}^{+0.02}\]$
	A ∩ B	AM01	${8.6}_{- 0.4}^{+ 0.4}$ $\[8.6_{-0.4}^{+0.4}\]$	${4.25}_{- 0.14}^{+ 0.04}$ $\[4.25_{-0.14}^{+0.04}\]$	$1159_{- 76}^{+ 24}$ $\[1159_{-76}^{+24}\]$	${1.10}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.23}$ $\[1.10_{-0.03}^{+0.23}\]$	${1.2}_{- 0.1}^{+ 0.1}$ $\[1.2_{-0.1}^{+0.1}\]$	${0.63}_{- 0.02}^{+ 0.05}$ $\[0.63_{-0.02}^{+0.05}\]$	$- {4.70}_{- 0.03}^{+ 0.03}$ $\[-4.70_{-0.03}^{+0.03}\]$
	Grids	Various	1.24–10.3	3.5–4.5	1100–1200	0.8–1.31	> 1.0	0.3–0.8	−4.65 to −4.72

Notes. ^(a) Only T_int, a model parameter, is reported. ^(b) W20 compared using strong and weak radius priors to enforce physicality. ^(c) W21 used high resolution spectroscopy, and did not infer masses or radii, using masses of 7.2 ± 0.7 M_Jup for the inner three planets and 5.8 ± 0.5 M_Jup for HR 8799 b. A radius of 1.2 ± 0.1 R_Jup was used for all planets. ^(d) R21 uncertainties were limited by the coarseness and boundaries of their model grid.^(e) W23 report the temperature at 3.3 bar rather than the effective temperature.^(f) The metallicity of W23 was found by averaging the retrieved C/H and O/H ratios.

References. C11: Currie et al. (2011); G11: Galicher et al. (2011); M11: Madhusudhan et al. (2011); M12: Marley et al. (2012); L13: Lee et al. (2013); K13: Konopacky et al. (2013); B16: Bonnefoy et al. (2016); L17: Lavie et al. (2017); G18: Greenbaum et al. (2018); W20: Wang et al. (2020b); W21: Wang et al. (2021b); R21: Ruffio et al. (2021); W23:Wang et al. (2023).

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.