Dust-to-gas ratios and thermal relaxation times radially averaged over the 30–55 au inner region and the 115–150 au outer region of our simulations. As the VSI develops, it keeps the dust particle at high altitudes and thus retains the necessary cooling times in the inner disk. The outer regions, however, are mostly sedimenting, as the VSI is not active there, except for the case with the smallest initial particle size.