Age–metallicity distributions from the literature. The red line indicates solar metallicity. Panels from top to bottom show results from different sources: DirSFH results within 100 pc obtained in Sect. 5, with error bars indicating σ_age (see Fig. 5); StarHorse results for LAMOST MRS DR7, APOGEE DR17, and GALAH DR3; Xiang & Rix (2022) results for LAMOST LRS DR7; and Kordopatis et al. (2023) results for Gaia GSP-Spec. Each panel shows the number of stars used to derive the age–metallicity distribution, constrained to similar ranges of R_g, R_apo, and R_peri as the sample presented in this paper. The error bars indicate the mean uncertainty in the age (as provided for each catalogue) within specific ranges (0–3, 3–6, 6–9, 9–12, 12–14 Gyr).