Galactic distribution of the 500 pc sample and its constituents, which are labelled accordingly for all plots. The left panel describes the projected distribution of the sample on the sky in terms of Galactic longitude and latitude, whereas the right panel gives the projected positions onto the Galactic plane (X–Y plane) and on the plane perpendicular to it (X–Z plane). Here the X-coordinate is given in terms of R, the solar distance from the Galactic centre.