Ryugu sample A0108-19 whole-rock, zoom-in on a region including the nanoglobule-like organic particle identified in situ in Fig. 1. (a) RGB image of the region including the organic nanoparticle (C=O at 1720 cm⁻¹ in red, C=C at 1600 cm⁻¹ in green, CH_X 1460 cm⁻¹ minus 1520 cm⁻¹ in blue). The white line shows the location of individual AFM-IR spectra taken across the nanoglobule-like feature. The colored dots (S₁ to S₃) correspond to average spectra taken on each side (S₁ and S₃ in blue) and on the nanoglobule-like feature (S₂ in red). (b) Intensity ratios of frequencies corresponding to CH_X/C=C (1460 cm⁻¹/1600 cm⁻¹) and C=O/C=C (1700 cm⁻¹/1600 cm⁻¹) along the white line shown in (a). The location of the S₁ to S₃ spectra is recalled on the left axis. (c) Average spectra on each side (blue, S₁, and S₃) and on the nanoglobule-like feature (red, S₂). The red dot-dashed line spectrum labelled “Nanoglobule-like” was obtained by scaling the average of S₁ and S₃ spectra to the same silicate band contribution, as in the S₂ spectra, and by subtracting this scaled spectrum from S₂. The resulting “Nanoglobule-like” spectrum is thus freed from the matrix contribution underneath the globule. The nanoglobule-like spectrum shows an elevated CH_X signal (intense methyl and methylene deformation modes at ~1460 cm⁻¹ and ~1370 cm⁻¹) as well as a high carbonyl contribution around 1700 cm⁻¹. The blue dot-dashed line spectrum labelled “Matrix” corresponds to the expected contribution from the matrix for a probe depth equivalent to the nanoglobule-like spectrum.