Table 1.
SEP onset and estimated release times for the high-energy particles recorded by the various spacecraft.
| Observer | Energy | Onset | Path | Release | Mfm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (MeV) | time | length (1) | time (2) | ||
| (UT) | (au) | (UT) | |||
| PSP | 10.37–49.35 | 0.38 ± 0.09 | 15:33 ± 4 | 4.2 ± 0.8 | |
| STA | 13.1–100 | 1.26 ± 0.06 | 15:35 ± 2 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | |
| SolO | 10.98–104.9 | 1.64 ± 0.04 | 15:40 ± 2 | 3.9 ± 0.9 | |
| SOHO | 13.36–107.26 | 2.09 ± 0.12 | 15:49 ± 4 | 1.2 ± 0.2 | |
| SOPO NM ( * ) | > 430 | 15:45 | 1.28 | ∼15:40 | |
| SolO/HET | 300.88 | 15:49 | 0.91 | 15:45 | |
| SOHO/EPHIN | 610 | 15:50 | 1.28 | 15:45 | |
| GOES/SEISS | 275–500 | 15:55 | 1.28 | 15:48 | |
| Mars/RAD | > 150 | 16:34 | 2.19 | 16:06 | |
| Bepi/BERM | 5.9–9.1 | ∼17:00 | 0.42 | ||
Notes. (1)The inferred path lengths (L, AU) from the VDA is presented; the calculated path length based on the solar wind speed for each observer is also given for the cases where the TSA was applied. (2)The anticipated Solar Release Time (SRT) deduced by VDA applied to PSP, STA, SolO, and SOHO (first four rows) and TSA applied to the very high-energy channels of SolO, SOPO NM, SOHO/EPHIN, GOES/SEISS, and Mars/RAD. ( * )SOPO NM results are from Papaioannou et al. (2022).
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