Fig. 3

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C3 000-000 band in three representative sightlines. Top panel: HD 147889, in addition to harbouring the largest N(C2), also harbours the largest N(C3) in our data sample. The transitions are all labelled, including those to the original and the perturbed upper energy levels (the latter are highlighted with asterisks; refer also to Sect. 4.1 and Table 2). Bottom panels: The C3 band is tentatively detected towards HD 23180, mainly through its piled-up Q branch in the middle. The sightline of HD 161056 contains two velocity components of C3. The synthetic spectra for the two components are plotted with a positive offset in different colours.
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