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Fig. 15.

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Abundances of HCN, HCO+, HNC and CS versus nH2, for two different CR ionization rates (solid lines for ζCR = 10−13 s−1 and solid-dotted lines for 10−12 s−1). Our model shows that with such a high ionization rate ζCR = 10−13–10−12 s−1, the abundances of HCO+ is expected to be lower than HCN, HNC, and CS in the dense gas regions of nH2 > 105 cm−3. However, with increasing CR ionization rates, at the same H2 densities, the abundance of HCO+ is rising for the dense gas while the abundance of CS is decreasing.

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