Properties of the five active regions that emerged during P1 and imaged by both SO/PHI and SDO/HMI (outlined by blue contours in Fig. 4), as a function of time: (a) the distance from disc centre, , (b) foreshortening-corrected facular area, A_F in millionths of the solar hemisphere, μHem, (c) the change in TSI due to faculae, FB. Rows (d) and (e) represent the same as rows (b) and (c), except for sunspots. In row (f), we chart the total change in TSI (i.e. both faculae brightening and sunspot darkening) produced by each active region to an observer that follows it such that it is always at disc centre, ΔTSI_DC. The blue (red) solid lines follow the values from the SO/PHI (SDO/HMI) data set and the corresponding TSI reconstruction. See Sect. 3 for details.