Fig. 4
Download original image
Column density ratios of six O-COMs with respect to methanol versus bolometric luminosity. Panels from left to right and top to bottom: dimethyl ether (DME; CH3OCH3), methyl formate (MF; CH3OCHO), ethanol (C2H5OH), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), glycolaldehyde (GA; CH2OHCHO), and ethylene glycol (EG; (CH2OH)2). The red points show the CoCCoA data of 14 high-mass sources derived in this work, and the blue points show the literature data of five low-mass sources: IRAS 16293-2242 A & B (Manigand et al. 2020; Jørgensen et al. 2018), S68N, B1c, and B1-bS (van Gelder et al. 2020). Upper limits are denoted by downward triangles. The data points of NGC 6334-38 and NGC 6334-43 are denoted by leftward triangles due to their upper limits on luminosity. The solid line in gray corresponds to the mean column density ratio of each species, and the gray shaded area shows the standard deviation weighted by the uncertainty on log scales. The mean and standard deviation were calculated from both the high-mass sources and the low-mass ones. The dashed and dotted lines in black correspond to the modeled COM ratios at the end of the cold collapse stage (stage 1) and the warm-up stage (stage 2) in G22, respectively.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.