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Table 2

Formal uncertainties in 1/Q of Io and Jupiter.

Dataset Astrometry 1σ [-] Contribution astrometry
radio science + observations [-] 1/QJupiter 1/QIo 1/QJupiter 1/QIo
No astrometry 0 1.5 × 10−6 3.0 × 10−3 _
All astrometry 14 454 7.3 × 10−7 1.9 × 10−3 100% 100%

Classical astrometry
    All 12 073 9.8 × 10−7 2.3 × 10−3 67% 64%
    Before 1960 2473 1.2 × 10−6 2.3 × 10−3 39% 64%
    After 1960 9600 1.3 × 10−6 2.8 × 10−3 26% 18%
Mutual phenomena 2043 1.3 × 10−6 2.9 × 10−3 26% 9%
Ground-based radar 22 1.3 × 10−6 2.8 × 10−3 26% 18%
Stellar occultation 5 1.4 × 10−6 2.9 × 10−3 13% 9%

All Io observations 3814 9.3 × 10−7 2.4 × 10−3 74% 55%

Future astrometry 4877 1.5 × 10−6 3.0 × 10−3

Notes. The formal uncertainties are obtained from radio science simulated data combined with various subsets of the astrometric observations. The relative contributions of each data subsets are also provided. They are expressed as fractions of the total improvement achieved by adding all astrometric observations to the radio science only solution.

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