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Table 1
Overview of the properties of the four beam shifts discussed in this paper.
| Property | Spatial Goos-Hänchen | Angular Goos-Hänchen | Spatial Imbert-Federov | Angular Imbert-Federov |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type of shift | Shift of beam of light | Angular deviation of beam of light | Shift of beam of light | Angular deviation of beam of light |
| Nature of effect | Separate shifts for light polarized parallel and perpendicular to plane of incidence | Separate shifts for light polarized parallel and perpendicular to plane of incidence | Separate shifts for diagonally and antidiagonally polarized light as well as for right-handed and left-handed circularly polarized light | Separate shifts for diagonally and antidiagonally polarized light |
| Plane/direction of occurrence | In plane of incidence | In plane of incidence | Perpendicular to plane of incidence | Away from plane of incidence |
| Origin of shift | Variation of Fresnel phases over range of angles of incidence | Variation of Fresnel amplitudes over range of angles of incidence | Conservation of total angular momentum in direction normal to surface of mirror | Conservation of linear momentum in direction perpendicular to plane of incidence |
| Main dependence on Fresnel equations | Phase gradient | Amplitude gradient | Retardance | Diattenuation |
| Dependence on incident Stokes parameters | Q | Q | Primarily U and V, weakly Q | Primarily U, weakly Q |
| Dependence on f-number of incident beam | No | Yes | No | Yes |
| Typical size | A tenth of a wavelength | 1–100 μrad, strongly dependent on f-number of incident beam of light | Less than a tenth of a wavelength | 0.1-10 μrad, strongly dependent on f-number of incident beam of light |
| Effect in focal plane for incident unpolarized light | PSF shifted and broadened with underlying polarization structure, in particular splitting of opposite polarizations (ghost PSF) | Basically none | PSF broadened (but not shifted) with underlying polarization structure, in particular splitting of opposite polarizations (ghost PSF) | Basically none |
| Important for high-contrast imaging | Yes | No | Yes | No |
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