Jones pupil expressed in the xyz- (top), daz- (center), and rlz-bases (bottom) at a wavelength of 820 nm for a converging beam of light with an f-number of 61.3 that reflects off gold at an angle of incidence of 45°. The panels in the first and second (third and fourth) columns show the amplitude (phase) of the Jones-pupil elements. The positive x- and y-directions are upward and to the left, respectively. The values of the color maps are different among the panels. The red, orange, blue, and green borders around the panels indicate the gradients that are visible and the specific beam shifts that these gradients cause (see the legend above the top panels). The panels of R_da, R_ad, ϕ_da, and ϕ_ad have two colored borders because these panels show a combination of two gradients. To reveal the gradient in the panels of ϕ_xy and ϕ_yx, π has been added to the phase in the left and right halves of the pupil, respectively.