Planetary evolution with atmospheric photoevaporation - II. Fitting the slope of the radius valley by combining boil-off and XUV-driven escape

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Volume 676 (August 2023)

A&A, 676 (2023) A119

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Table 1

Valley radius at an orbital period of 10 days and valley slope α as a function of orbital period p for both models and observational studies, quantifying the valley locus as • (p/10 days)^α.

	[R_⊕]	Slope α
Energy- and recombination-limited, rectangular grid	1.84^(a)	−0.18
Hydrodynamic, rectangular grid	1.88^(a)	−0.11
Energy- and recombination-limited, Kepler initial conditions, unbiased	2.39^(b)	−0.18
Hydrodynamic, Kepler initial conditions, unbiased	2.28^(b)	−0.11
Energy- and recombination-limited, Kepler initial conditions, biased	2.32^(b)	−0.16
Hydrodynamic, Kepler initial conditions, biased	2.28^(b)	−0.10
Van Eylen et al. (2018) astroseismological sample	1.9 ± 0.2^(b)
Martinez et al. (2019) CKS sample (identical α also in Petigura et al. 2022)	1.9 ± 0.04^(b)
Ho & Van Eylen (2023) high cadence sample

Notes. We give the theoretical results found both for the rectangular grid of initial conditions (Sect. 4) and for the initial conditions derived from the Kepler survey results (Sect. 5). ^(a)Defined at the lower boundary of the valley. ^(b)Defined in the centre of the valley.

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