Initial conditions derived from Kepler survey. Left and middle panel: histogram of the distribution of the core masses and initial (post-formation) envelope mass fractions M_env,0/M_core for the comparison with the Kepler planet population. Both these distributions are taken from Rogers & Owen (2021). Right panel: average detection probability of the Kepler satellite p_det as function of orbital period and planet radius (Petigura et al. 2018). The final probability to find a planet is given by p_det times its geometric transit probability p_tr.