Fitting of in situ observations of ME2 at 1 au with various models: (a) FRi3D model (green), LFF fit with right-handed chirality (red), and LFF fit with left-handed chirality (blue); (b) CC fit adapted from the WIND ICME catalogue (Nieves-Chinchilla et al. 2018). The vertical lines in black in both plots correspond to the ME2 boundary as per the same catalogue. The fitted parameters of the model are discussed in Sects. 4.1–4.3.