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Table 4.

Timing of solar phenomena and inferred SEP injection times, tinj.

Date/Time Observer/Instr. Feature Comment
At the Sun At observer
17 April
16:00 16:07 Solar Orbiter/STIX 1st nonthermal HXR peak Major peak, very impulsive,
< 1 min duration
16:16 16:24 STA/SWAVES type III burst #1 onset Also seen at PSP, Solar Orbiter,
and Wind.
16:18 ± 4 min 16:30 ± 4 min BepiColombo/SIXS tinj of 71 keV el. TSA, path length L = 0.669 au
16:18 16:26 UT Ground based/ Onset of decameter-
e-CALLISO type II burst
16:22 ± 3 min 16:30 ± 3 min BepiColombo Shock connection Time based on Earth & STA obs.
16:25 ± 4 min 17:00 ± 4 min BepiColombo/SIXS tinj of 25 MeV p. TSA, path length L = 0.669 au
16:26 16:31 PSP/RFS type III burst Series of five type III bursts;
group #2 start all seen by PSP, highly polarized
one also by SO and STA
16:26 ± 5 min 16:32 ± 5 min PSP/EPI-Hi tinj of 920 keV el. TSA, path length L = 0.63 au
16:28 16:36 SOHO/LASCO CME 1st appearance E116S09; speed: v = 880 km s−1
at ∼16 R⊙
16:29 ± 1 min 16:35 ± 1 min BepiColombo/SIXS tinj of 960 keV el. TSA, path length L = 0.669 au
16:30 ± 5min 16:37 ± 5 min PSP/EPI-Lo tinj of ∼90 keV el. TSA, path length L = 0.63 au
16:35 16:40 PSP/RFS type III burst type II and III bursts,
group #3 start also seen at SolO, Wind, STA
16:35:30 16:42 Solar Orbiter/STIX Nonthermal HXR peak #12 Major late peak,
∼7 min duration
16:41 ± 15 min 16:52 ± 15 min Solar Orbiter/HET tinj of 1.1–2.4 MeV el. TSA, path length L = 1.24 au
16:43 ± 5 min 16:53 ± 5 min BepiColombo/ tinj of > 200 MeV p. Earliest onset seen in
Mio-SPM2 all SPM channels
TSA, path length L = 0.67 au
16:44:30 16:51:30 Solar Orbiter/STIX Nonthermal HXR peak #13 Strongest peak at 25–50 keV;
∼10 min duration
16:46 ± 10 min PSP/EPI-Hi tinj of 1–30 MeV protons VDA, resulting path
length L = 0.63 ± 0.05 au
16:47 ± 3 min 16:55 ± 3 min Solar Orbiter Shock connection Time based on Earth & STA obs.
16:49 16:54 PSP/RFS type III burst #4 start type II and III bursts,
highly polarized
16:54 ± 5 min 16:58 ± 5 min PSP/EPI-Hi Time of potential 2nd inj. TSA, path length L = 0.43 au
of 920 keV of el.
16:55 ± 2 min 17:13 ± 2 min Solar Orbiter/ tinj of 106 keV el. TSA, path length L = 1.24 au
EPT-North
17:11 ± 3 min 17:19 ± 3 min PSP Shock connection Time based on Earth & STA obs.
17:14 ± 12 min Solar Orbiter/ tinj of 7–45 MeV p. VDA, resulting path
EPT+HET length L = 1.24 ± 0.18 au
17:16 ± 3 min 17:24 ± 3 min STEREO A Shock connection Time based on Earth & STA obs.
17:30 ± 3 min 17:38 ± 3 min Earth Shock connection Time based on Earth & STA obs.
18:08 ± 10 min 18:25 ± 10 min STA/SEPT-North tinj of 85–125 keV el. TSA, path length L = 1.16 au
18:20 ± 1h 19:30 ± 1h STA/HET tinj of 13.6–23.8 MeV p. TSA, path length L = 1.16 au
22:03 ± 2.5h 22:15 ± 2.5h SOHO/EPHIN tinj of 0.25–0.7 MeV el. TSA, path length L = 1.23 au
18 April
4:07 ± 2h 5:00 ± 2h SOHO/ERNE tinj of 13–25 MeV p. TSA, path length L = 1.23 au

Notes. All times shifted to the Sun.

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