Fig. 8.

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EUV wave overview as observed in STEREO A/EUVI 195 Å running-difference images from 16:15 to 16:40 UT. We follow the EUV wave in four angular sectors, 1–4. A movie accompanying the figure is available online (movie1). Markers show magnetic footpoints derived for STEREO A (red), BepiColombo (yellow), Solar Orbiter (blue), and ACE (green) spacecraft. The magnetic footpoints are determined using a combination of ballistic backmapping in the heliosphere and backmapping below the source surface using ADAPT-WSA to 1 Rs (points 1), a standard PFSS model to 1 R (points 2), and to a height of 100 Mm above the photosphere (points 3). As seen in the accompanying video, the EUV wave reaches the BepiColombo footpoints at around 16:55 UT (point 3) and at around 17:00 UT (points 1 and 2). Times refer to the observation time at STEREO A.

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