Examples of the observed RVS spectra (black curve) analysed by various modules of the Apsis pipeline. The effective temperatures estimated by GSP-Spec (upper panels) and by ESP-HS (lower panels) are given in blue, while the best-fitting synthetic spectrum is shown in orange. Upper left panel: adopting the APs by GSP-Spec (orange spectrum), ESP-CS derives an activity index from the residuals (grey lines: residuals vertically shifted by +0.2) summed up around the calcium triplet line cores (shaded green area). Upper right panel: synthetic and observed (shifted by −0.1 for readability) spectrum corresponding to the GSP-Spec APs. The spectrum is then used to derive chemical abundances. Lower panels: determination of APs of stars hotter than 7500 K, by analysing the RVS and BP/RP data and assuming a solar chemical composition using ESP-HS. We overplot the λ862 nm DIB which is also measured by GSP-Spec.