Open Access

Fig. 11

image

Download original image

Mass fraction of water, carbon and nitrogen for the Earth analogue model of Johansen et al. (2021) as a function of the accreted mass. The dotted lines shows constraints from the volatile reservoirs of Earth and Venus, together with estimates of the total water and carbon including the core. The volatiles are accreted with pebbles mainly in the early stages of planet formation where the envelope temperature is low. We find overall good matches to the water and carbon contents of Earth and Venus, as in Johansen et al. (2021). The pebble accretion model also gives a good match to the nitrogen reservoirs in the atmospheres of Earth and Venus. In contrast, the enstatite chondrites, often considered a possible source material of Earth (Dauphas 2017), have N contents above 100 ppm and hence provide a poor match to the nitrogen budget of Earth (Grewal et al. 2019a).

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.