Fig. 1

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Four classes of planetary system architecture and their emergent formation pathways. Top: reproduced from Paper I – schematic diagram depicting the Four classes of planetary system architecture: similar, anti-ordered, mixed, and ordered. Depending on how a quantity (such as mass or size) varies from one planet to another, the architecture of a system can be identified. The framework is model independent. Bottom: emergence of formation pathways: Sankey diagram depicting the emergence of formation pathways of architecture classes. The thickness of the links and nodes is proportional to the relative number of synthetic systems in our simulation. This result is derived from synthetic planetary systems around a solar mass star via the Bern model. Disk gas mass and metallicity are binned at their median values.
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